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How to Fix Windows 11 Not Working Properly: Step-by-Step Solutions to Common Errors

Windows 11 is designed to offer a smooth and efficient computing experience. However, sometimes you may encounter issues that prevent it from working properly. These problems can range from slow performance to error messages or unresponsive apps.

Fortunately, many common Windows 11 errors can be fixed with simple troubleshooting steps. You don’t need to be a tech expert to try these solutions, as they are easy to follow and explained clearly.

This guide will walk you through step-by-step methods to identify and fix typical problems in Windows 11. By following these instructions, you can get your system running smoothly again.

Let’s start by covering some quick notes before diving into the solutions.

Quick Note: Before You Begin

  • Backup Important Data: Before making system changes, always save your important files to an external drive or cloud storage to prevent data loss.
  • Check for Updates: Ensure your Windows 11 is up to date by going to Settings > Windows Update. Updates often fix bugs and improve stability.
  • Restart Your PC: Many issues can be resolved simply by restarting your computer. If you haven’t done this recently, try it first.
  • Note Any Error Messages: If you see an error message, write it down or take a screenshot. This information can help in troubleshooting.

Step 1: Run the Windows Troubleshooter

Windows 11 includes built-in troubleshooters that automatically detect and fix common problems. Running these tools is a simple first step.

  1. Click the Start button and open Settings.
  2. Go to System > Troubleshoot > Other troubleshooters.
  3. Find the troubleshooter related to your problem, such as Windows Update, Bluetooth, or Internet Connections.
  4. Click Run next to the troubleshooter and follow the on-screen instructions.

This process identifies issues and attempts automatic fixes. It’s important because it saves time and uses Windows’ own diagnostic tools.

Step 2: Check and Repair System Files

Corrupted system files can cause Windows 11 to behave unexpectedly. Using built-in commands can scan and repair these files.

  1. Press Windows + S and type cmd.
  2. Right-click Command Prompt and select Run as administrator.
  3. In the command window, type the following and press Enter:
sfc /scannow

This command checks for missing or damaged system files and repairs them automatically. It’s important because fixing these files can resolve many stability problems.

If the SFC scan does not fix the issue, try the Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) tool:

DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth

After this completes, run sfc /scannow again to confirm repairs.

Step 3: Update or Roll Back Drivers

Device drivers control hardware components like graphics cards and printers. Outdated or incompatible drivers can cause errors or crashes.

  1. Right-click the Start button and select Device Manager.
  2. Look for devices with a yellow warning icon—these may have driver issues.
  3. Right-click the device and choose Update driver.
  4. Select Search automatically for drivers and follow prompts.

If a recent driver update caused problems, you can roll back to the previous version:

  1. Right-click the device and select Properties.
  2. Go to the Driver tab and click Roll Back Driver.
  3. Follow instructions to revert to the earlier driver.

Keeping drivers updated ensures your hardware works properly with Windows 11.

Step 4: Free Up Disk Space

Low disk space can slow down or destabilize Windows 11. Cleaning unnecessary files helps improve performance.

  1. Open Settings and go to System > Storage.
  2. Click Temporary files and select files you want to delete, such as recycle bin, temporary system files, or downloaded files you no longer need.
  3. Click Remove files.

You can also use the Disk Cleanup tool by searching for it in the Start menu to free space.

Step 5: Disable Startup Programs

Too many programs launching at startup can slow down your PC or cause conflicts.

  1. Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to open Task Manager.
  2. Click the Startup tab.
  3. Review the list and select programs you don’t need immediately when the PC starts.
  4. Click Disable for those programs.

Disabling unnecessary startup apps helps Windows boot faster and reduces resource use.

Step 6: Reset Windows 11 (Optional Advanced Step)

If problems persist, resetting Windows 11 can restore the system to a fresh state without deleting your personal files.

  1. Go to Settings > System > Recovery.
  2. Under Reset this PC, click Reset PC.
  3. Choose Keep my files to preserve your data but remove apps and settings.
  4. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the reset.

This is a more advanced fix and should be used when other solutions fail. It can resolve deep system issues by reinstalling Windows.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Why is my Windows 11 running slow?

Slow performance can be caused by too many startup programs, low disk space, outdated drivers, or malware. Try freeing disk space, disabling startup apps, and running a virus scan.

How do I check for Windows 11 updates?

Open Settings, go to Windows Update, and click Check for updates. Install any available updates.

What if I get an error during system file repair?

If sfc /scannow fails, run the DISM command as explained above, then retry the system file check.

Can I undo a Windows 11 update?

Yes, you can uninstall recent updates by going to Settings > Windows Update > Update history > Uninstall updates.

How often should I update my drivers?

Check for driver updates regularly, especially after installing new hardware or experiencing issues.

When Nothing Works

If you’ve tried all the steps above and Windows 11 still isn’t working properly, consider these final options:

  • Contact Microsoft Support: Visit the official Microsoft Support page for personalized help.
  • Use System Restore: If you created restore points earlier, revert your system to a previous working state via Control Panel > Recovery > Open System Restore.
  • Perform a Clean Installation: As a last resort, you can back up your data and reinstall Windows 11 from scratch using installation media.

These options involve more effort but can fix severe problems that other methods cannot.

Conclusion

Windows 11 not working properly can be frustrating, but most common issues have straightforward solutions. Starting with simple steps like running troubleshooters and checking for updates can often fix the problem quickly.

Repairing system files and managing drivers help address deeper issues, while freeing disk space and disabling startup apps improve speed. If needed, resetting Windows 11 provides a fresh start without losing personal files.

Remember to back up your data regularly and keep your system updated to avoid many problems. Following this step-by-step guide will help you maintain a stable and efficient Windows 11 experience.

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