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How to Fix “File Record Segment Is Unreadable” Error in Windows 11: Step-by-Step Solutions

Encountering the “File Record Segment Is Unreadable” error in Windows 11 can be frustrating. This error usually indicates a problem with the hard drive’s file system or physical disk. Fortunately, there are several ways to troubleshoot and fix this issue.

This article will guide you through simple and effective methods to resolve the error. Each solution is explained in clear, easy-to-follow steps. Whether you are a beginner or have some technical knowledge, these instructions will help you understand and fix the problem.

Before diving into the solutions, it’s important to know why this error occurs. Understanding the cause can help prevent it from happening again. The main reasons include disk corruption, bad sectors, or file system damage.

Let’s explore step-by-step solutions to fix the “File Record Segment Is Unreadable” error in Windows 11.

Quick Note: Prerequisites and Checks

Before starting the troubleshooting process, ensure the following:

  • Backup Important Data: If your drive is accessible, copy important files to another storage device. This prevents data loss during repairs.
  • Check Disk Connection: If you use an external hard drive, make sure it is properly connected to your computer.
  • Close Running Programs: Close any applications that might be using the affected drive to avoid conflicts.
  • Have Administrative Rights: Some fixes require administrator permissions. Make sure you are logged in as an administrator.

Step 1: Run Check Disk (CHKDSK) Tool

The simplest way to fix file system errors is by using the built-in Check Disk tool. It scans your drive for errors and attempts to repair them automatically.

  1. Press Windows + S on your keyboard and type cmd.
  2. Right-click on Command Prompt and choose Run as administrator.
  3. In the Command Prompt window, type the following command and press Enter:
chkdsk C: /f /r /x

Replace C: with the drive letter showing the error.

  • /f fixes errors found on the disk.
  • /r locates bad sectors and recovers readable information.
  • /x forces the drive to dismount before the check.

You might see a message saying the disk is in use and ask to schedule the scan on the next restart. Type Y and press Enter, then restart your PC.

This process can take some time, especially if the drive is large or heavily corrupted. Allow it to complete without interruption.

Step 2: Use System File Checker (SFC) to Repair System Files

If the error relates to system file corruption, the System File Checker can help. It scans and repairs damaged Windows files.

  1. Open Command Prompt as an administrator (see Step 1).
  2. Type the following command and press Enter:
sfc /scannow

The scan may take some minutes. Do not close the Command Prompt window until the verification is 100% complete.

If SFC finds corrupted files, it will try to repair them automatically.

Step 3: Run Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) Tool

Sometimes, the System File Checker cannot fix all issues. The DISM tool repairs the Windows image, which can resolve deeper problems.

  1. Open Command Prompt as an administrator.
  2. Type the following commands one by one, pressing Enter after each:
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth

These commands check for component store corruption and repair it. This process can take several minutes.

Step 4: Update or Reinstall Disk Drivers

Outdated or corrupted disk drivers can cause read errors. Updating or reinstalling them might help.

  1. Press Windows + X and select Device Manager.
  2. Expand the Disk drives section.
  3. Right-click your hard drive and select Update driver.
  4. Choose Search automatically for updated driver software and follow prompts.
  5. If updating doesn’t work, right-click the drive and choose Uninstall device. Then restart your PC to reinstall drivers automatically.

Step 5: Use Third-Party Disk Repair Tools (Optional)

If Windows built-in tools don’t fix the issue, third-party disk utilities can offer advanced repair options.

  • EaseUS Partition Master – useful for repairing partition table errors.
  • MiniTool Partition Wizard – offers disk checking and recovery features.
  • HDD Regenerator – specializes in fixing bad sectors.

Be sure to download tools from official websites and follow their instructions carefully.

FAQs

What causes the “File Record Segment Is Unreadable” error?

This error usually happens due to corruption in the NTFS file system, bad sectors on the hard drive, or physical disk failure.

Can I ignore this error if my files still open?

It’s not advisable. Ignoring this error risks further data loss or system instability. Fixing it promptly is important.

Will running CHKDSK delete my files?

No, CHKDSK repairs errors without deleting files. However, always back up data before running disk repair tools as a precaution.

Is this error related to hardware failure?

Yes, sometimes it indicates a failing hard drive. If repairs don’t help, hardware replacement might be necessary.

Can I fix this error without technical knowledge?

Yes, the step-by-step instructions are designed for all users. If unsure, seek help from a professional to avoid accidental data loss.

When Nothing Works

If none of the above methods fix the error, consider the following options:

  • Backup Your Data Immediately: Use recovery software or connect the drive to another computer to save important files.
  • Run Manufacturer’s Diagnostic Tools: Check your hard drive maker’s website for diagnostic utilities (e.g., Seagate SeaTools, Western Digital Data Lifeguard).
  • Contact Professional Data Recovery Services: If data is critical and inaccessible, professionals may help recover it.
  • Consider Replacing the Hard Drive: Persistent errors often indicate hardware failure that requires replacement.
  • Visit Microsoft Support: For official help, visit Microsoft Support.

Conclusion

The “File Record Segment Is Unreadable” error in Windows 11 can be alarming, but with patience and the right approach, you can often fix it yourself. Start with simple checks like running CHKDSK, then move on to system file repairs and driver updates.

Always back up your data before performing repairs to avoid loss. If the problem persists, don’t hesitate to seek professional help or consider hardware replacement. By following these steps, you can keep your system stable and protect your valuable files.

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